Essay --

In King Lear by William Shakespeare, it is a play mostly about disaster like most of Shakespeares plays. Shakespeare uses a vast touchstone of animal imagery to describe the characteristics of the villains to refer back to. He also presents an ample amount of symbolism throughout the play. The play starts by King Lear trying to settle matter of his estate between his three daughters Goneril the eldest daughter and his also front-runner daughter, Regan his second daughter, and Cordelia the youngest daughter. Based on their adulation Lear would decide who would get the largest share based on who tell aparts him the most. Both Goneril and Regan declare in lavish terms that they love him more than anything in the world, which pleases Lear. For Cordelia, there is nothing to compare her love to she being honest declares that there are no words that would express her love, which makes King Lear furious. In his anger he disowns Cordelia, and divides the kingdom between Regan and Goneril bringing tragically consequences throughout the play. Goneril and Regan plan to take all of Lears power out of h...

Rabbits in Australia :: Rabbits Animals Australian Herbivores Essays

Rabbits in AustraliaIntroductionCoevolution is a natural phenomenon that has affected all habitats end-to-end the world. In general, it encompasses the interactions among different species within a general population and the adaptations each species makes to survive in such a diverse environment. The mere presence of all species that are currently in man is proof that those species cast off adapted over thousands and millions of years in such a way that allows them to survive and reproduce. Through millions of years of evolution, well-balanced habitats have co-evolved to volunteer for the wide variety of species and their needs. Trees have adapted to weeds, weeds have adapted to the predation from herbivores, and so on up the food chain. Similar scenarios are seen throughout the world. Through the process of natural selection, specific species or broad species families will go extinct. However, these occurrences have largely been due to the natural flow and evolution of time. It wasnt until recently that dominant species, such as humans, have taken the course of nature into their own hands.Throughout history, humans have had an increasingly profound doctor on the areas in which they inhabit. Human population has increased in a slow yet exponential pattern since their evolution. These growing populations, along with species evolution have directed humans such that they have domesticated themselves and the things around them in ways that are both functionally and aesthetically pleasing. Plant species were transformed into effectual crops, wild animals were converted to willing (and sometimes not so willing) companions, animals were hunted for food and for sport, and mans surroundings were modified as were seen fit. However, beauty is in the eye of the beholder. As the environment has become modified, harmful consequences have resulted causing many of the natural coevolutionary processes to fall out of balance.Slowly, the disruption of these delicate balance s are taking their toll on the native habitats and transforming small temporary changes into permanent problems. The area of environmental modification that will be emphasized in this paper is the introduction of non-native species to new habitats and the resulting effect on that habitat specifically, the introduction of the European Rabbit to Australia.History of rabbit origin in Australia It all started in 1859. Australia was slowly becoming populated with European pioneers who sought the newness of the great, unsettled continent. However, there were a few things from home from which they just couldnt part.

Sexual Harassment and Diversity in the Workplace :: Workplace Diversity

IntroductionWorkforce diversity is a new terminal figure in business and industry. It is a term that is still uncommon in various areas of the world. Diversity can be considered by taking two different perspectives. Firstly, there are those fundamental person attributes that make everyone on the earth unique for example disability, personality among others. Secondly, there are those differences that exist based on group membership for example race, ethnicity, and heathen differences among others (Barak, 131). Diversity is being an associate of either an indiscernible or discernible groups that are believed to be mainstream in the society (Barak, 131).Pluralism, on the other hand, is the distribution of control among the many groups of the society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 8). In other words, pluralism means decentralization and diversification of authority from a group of few individuals from the top to the majority at the throne of the societal hierarchy.Workplace diversity brin gs about a variety of ethical issues in the places of work. For example, versed harassment due to cozy orientation, racism and ethnicity, gender issues among others. familiar harassment is characterized by annoying sexual advances and innuendos meant for others who think that such actions violate their right or interfere with their work. People take part in sexual harassment because of their sexual desires, or when, they want some sexual favors prompted by the prevailing situation. For example, employees may be harassed sexually, by their managers, so that they get promotion. informal harassment is one of the ethical issues that face managers and employees alike. If it is perceived in an organization, it can strain the relationship between the organization and the society (Carroll and Buchholtz, 4).My personal viewRegarding sexual harassment, I personally think that people need to have a to a greater extent mature way of dealing with issues of sexuality. We need to go about them more carefully and privately. Sexual advances can be made provided the two individuals consent on the same. These advances should not be pegged on certain expectations on favoritism in workplace but can be for the continuity of the genealogy or for the purposes of procreation. Various cultural practices have seen various forms of sexual relationships that exist within the society. As a Christian, I think is wrong and unfair to engage in irresponsible sexual behaviors like sexual harassment. We should bear in mind that it is against Christian teaching and against the ten commandments of God.

population :: essays research papers

The Immigration DebateMigration is a natural condition of humankind. spate have traditionally moved voluntarily hope of freedom and economical, cultural and educational opportunities. As of recent thither has been a conflict of interest in terms of in-migration. Mr. John Isbister shows both sides in his book, The Immigration Debate. Although Mr. Isbister shows both sides on immigration, he is clearly proimmigration. He says, immigrantscontribute positively to the quality of American life and that immigration is consistent with the moral values that Americans hold closestisbister 4). He says immigratswill continue to add to Americas melting pot theory.He starts his book talk of the town abouhistory ofnited States policy. The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798 wereen fermented as part to deny asylum toEuropean supporters of Democracy. The Immigration Act of 1924 was the beginning permanet limitation on immigration, established the national origins quota system(). This act set a quota o f immigrants to the United States at two percent of the add up of persons of a given nationality residing in the United States. Since quotas were based on the proportions of the U.S. population, the system greatly favored northern Europeans and discriminate against Asians. The quota system was finally abolished in The Migration Refugee Assistance Act of 1962. The act opened opportunities for families to reunify. Many refugees came from Cuba and Latin America. This actr surprisingly increased the number of non white immigrants. Now crowds of Hispanic and Asains can be found throughout the entire nation. Mr. Isbister says that the new influx of Hispanics and Asains is cyclical and that the population will control itself. The first cycle happened from 1820 to 1967, nearly 90 percent of all immigrants were from Canada or Europe. From the Migration Refugee Assistane Act of 1962, Mexico and other Central American countries were themaority of immigrants. Only thirteen percent of immigrant s were from Europe. Now there happens to be a huge influx of illegal immigrants. To control the illegal aliens Congress passed the Immigration Reform and Control Act in 1986. This act punished employers who hired undocumented immigrants. It also granted citizenship to illegal aliens who had been residing in the United States for several years. No one really knows how many illegal immigrants there be living in the United States, but estimates say there atomic number 18 about four to five million illegals leaving here, almost all of them are non-white.

The American Dream in Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin in the Sun and Arth

Centuries ago, Americans were fighting for their freedom from Britain. Then, the American dream was to have freedom. To American then, being free and having their own individual country was enough. Up until a fewer decades ago, African Americans were fighting to have equal rights. They thought this was all they needed and they would be truly happy. Somewhere over the course of time happiness had a new meaning for all Americans. Now material possessions are what it takes to be happy. The American dream is to be rich. A Raisin in the Sun, written by Lorraine Hansberry, and termination of a Salesman, written by Arthur Miller, both address the American Dream. Both plays discuss the desire for wealth and how the desire may lead to ones downfall. However, each play is very different in addressing issues such as race and feminism. A Raisin in the Sun and Death of a Salesman have the equal major theme of the American Dream, barely address other issues differently along the way. A Raisi n in the Sun is about an African American family in Chicago. Living in the same old broken down house is Lena Younger, who is the mother to both Beneatha and Walter, who also live in the house. Walter is married to Ruth and is the dumbfound of Travis. As the play begins, the family is about to inherit an insurance check for 10,000 dollars. This money comes from the death of Lenas husband. Each member of the family wants to do something different with that money. Lena wants to buy a bigger house in a nicer area, and Ruth agrees with her. Beneatha wants the money to go to tuition for medical school. Walter wants to invest the money in a liquor store, so he can own the store, and become successful and rich. He is tired of just being a cab driver. However, Lena inten... ...e almost called Mr. Linder and made that deal with him when he found out that he lost the money, but his family was there to help him figure out that that would not be the right thing to do. On the other hand, Willy s relationship with his family is what led him to suicide. The role of woman is also handled differently in the two plays, along with the role of age and race. The two plays had similar points, but were also quite different. Works Cited Cleage, Pearl. Black Issues Book Review. Playrights Choice 3 (1995) 20- 23. Evans, Everett. Whats Hot on Stage. Houston Chronicle. 28 Oct 1994 Pgs 10- 12. Laban, Linda. Raisin in the Sun Raisins in the Rounder. Boston Globe. 5 Apr 2001 pgs 8-11. Hansberry, Lorraine. A Raisin in the Sun. New York Penguin Books, 1992. Miller, Arthur. Death of a Salesman. New York Penguin Books, 1949.

Having A Happy Job :: essays research papers

I need a job. How many times have I compreh abolish that one Ive perceive it a million times. Living in a modern society based on a green foot of paper, I am burdened, and feel it maybe even impossible to survive without one. Without money, I wouldnt have cars, clothes, livelihood or maybe even my health. straightaway it is simple, to luxuriate in finer things you need money, and to get money, I need a job. I hate my job. How many times have I heard that one? A million and one. It seems nobody today is content with his or her job. So why do it? Because I have to work hence, I go intot have an option. I feel that most people, like myself, find their place of work rather uncomfortable however, I still need to march on my job.For the last two summers, I worked a job, which at first I thought was ideal. I was a PC/LAN Coordinator at Chippenham Hospital. How neat, I thought, I love to work with computers, and they are paying me eight dollars an hour I even had and office and every thing. Starting out there was so intoxicating I was able to practice my computer networking expertise and it almost seemed like it wasnt any work at all. Soon things became repetitive, I started acquiring bored, and I was getting instructed to do more new tasks every day. I felt dissatisfied with the menial tasks I was given, and, although the paycheck was generous, I felt frustrated at the end of each week. I felt my boss was nice to me, but this was just not a job that stimulated my interests. The amount of deskwork was boring, and I enjoy existence around people and moving to different locations during the workday.Soon enough I hated my great job I made the decision an office was by all odds not the vocation for me. It even got to the point where I would feel apprehensive about coming into work every day, because I knew I would be doing the consider same thing in the exact same place. Then I set out a goal in my life I pull up stakes not anguish myself with a job with which I am not happy. I believe this objective is important - if I am going to a workplace every day that I hate, then I need to find a way to find another occupation that interests me.

Brent Staples’ Black Men in Public Places

Black workforce in Public Spaces is a piece of autobiographical writing that deals with issues of racism and discrimination in the United States. In his short essay, Brent Staple re new-fashioneds a few of his night experiences in the street, which revealed the way in which he was perceived by the opposites. As a member of the black community, Staples discovers that he is shunned by the strangers that he meets in the street and that women especially think of him as of a perilous individual.Not being a violent man, Staples is confused and offended by the awe he inspires to the strangers that pass him by and soon learns to shun them himself in order to avoid the unpleasantness of an encounter. Thus, Black Men in Public Places is best suited for biographical criticism. The essay recounts a few of the experiences of the author during his encounters with strangers in the street. These experiences argon related in such a way as to highlight the social issues at hand racism in the form of blemish and preconception.The author has several encounters with white people during his night wanderings that reveal a disconcerting spot on their part. The young black man is shunned by the white collectivity as a dangerous man. The setting of these occurrences is precise important the night and the public places reveal the space that the black community is allowed for in the current society. Despite the fact that they are free, black men are regarded with prejudice and lack of confidence by absolute strangers, without any explicit motive.Thus, the author feels that his simple presence in the street, without any triggering gesture or attitude on his part, is likely to cause disturbance. He also realizes that the fact that he is considered dangerous by the others without other evidence than the fact that he is black stop make his walks dangerous. To highlight his ideas, Brent Staples uses a few particular devices. Thus, first of all, the piece is more of an essay than an act ual story. Nevertheless, the author shapes it by giving it a particular ending.While he relates a few of his experiences as well as that of one of his black friends who is also a journalist as himself in the beginning, he ends by remarking that he himself soon adopted the same attitude as the white individuals had towards him. Thus, in order to avoid the unpleasantness of feeling the fear he inspires to the strangers he meets in the street, he begins to avoid anyone he sees himself and to keep his standoffishness as much as possible.He also relates that he decides to quicken his pace and overtake other people in the street so that they should not feel as if they were followed by him. These techniques that the author uses for avoidance are revelatory for the racial problem expound here. Thus, the black men do not seem to be entitled to the public space, where they are looked upon with fear or distrust. Their mere presence is thusly avoided by strangers because of racial prejudice. The author creates an elicit effect at the beginning of the story as he uses semiotics and tropes in order to make his point.Thus, lightsome for a moment into the white perspective, he begins his story by declaring the first woman that ran away from him in the street his first dupe My first victim was a woman-white, well dressed, probably in her early twenties. I came upon her late one evening on a deserted street in Hyde putting green (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301). The develop victim is a sign, emphasizing the way in which the white person perceived himself or herself in the presence of the black man.Furthermore, Staples makes use of an interesting metaphor to describe the confusing and painful effect that this first experience had on his own perception. Using an auditory image, he highlights the fact that the reality of prejudice was discovered to him in the sound of the hurrying footsteps of the white woman who was trying to escape him without any apparent reason It was in th e echo of that terrified womans footfalls that I first began to know the unwieldy inheritance Id come intothe ability to alter public space in ugly ways.(Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301) It is through this echo of avoidance that he hears in the womans footsteps that Staples realizes that he is not regarded as a simple individual but as a part of the black community, and, as such, he finds himself the unwilling inheritor of detrimental behavior. In order to transmit his message on racial prejudice, Staples also uses a metaphor describing the actual distance that lies between black and white people That first encounter, and those that followed, signified that a vast, unnerving gulf lay between nighttime pedestriansparticularly womenand me. (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 301) Using the word gulf to portray this distance and the relationship between the black and the white, Staples evokes the painful consequences of prejudice, which creates this insurmountable distance between people. These obser vations, determine the author to take precautions himself and avoid encounters in the street as much as possible I now take precautions to make myself less threatening. I move about with care, particularly late in the evening. I give a wide berth to nervous people on subway platforms during the wee hours, particularly when I have exchange business clothes for jeans. (Barnet, Burto and Cain, 302) The ending of the story is also very effective, as the author declares himself the inventor of a new strategic point designed to release the relationships between the two racial opposites. Thus, upon his encounter with white people, the author begins warbling cheerful songs meant to ease the atmosphere and increase the confidence of the others Even steely New Yorkers hunching toward nighttime destinations seem to relax, and occasionally they even join in the tune. Virtually everybody seems to sense that a mugger wouldnt be warbling bright, sunny selections from Vivaldis Four Seasons. (Barne t, Burto and Cain, 302) Black Men in Public Places is therefore effective precisely because the writers chooses an autobiographical style to relate his experiences, thus providing with an introspective view of his experiences. The ending is particularly effective precisely because it depicts the inessential efforts the author takes in order to make his presence in the street less conspicuously menacing for the white people. Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. Literature for Composition. New York Pearson Longman Publishers, 2007

Classic Post-Modernist Writers

Charles demon. Thomas brave. Joseph Conrad. During their time, they were considered to be realists because they shape their readers perceptions of the existencekind. In doing so, their writings ar described to be modern and post-realist. This paper will discuss their approaches and on how their whole shebang, which we discussed this semester, atomic number 18 classic masterpieces simply because these transcend over time. Post- world in lit is make when subjects be depicted on the page as how they are in daily life. There is no interpretation and embellishment.They reveal the mundane truth. Most of the time, in post-realism, these truths are ugly and sordid. Therefore, during the twentieth century, when these writers came up with their kit and boodle, they were oft criticized for discussing subjects at that time were deemed as taboo. Realism was the cultural movement that was quite popular in literature in the 1800s. It was the opposite of wild-eyedism because it encourage d artists to present objects at their most real. The perceptions are undistorted by bias and it is said that realism is the objective reality.The movement reformed the cultural movements in literature and became modernized. Cultural, political and artistic movements headed this direction at the turn of the century. It confirmed the ability of human beings to improve, create, reshape and enhance their environment. The intent of modernism was during 1884 to 1914. Through technology, practical receiptledge and scientific experiments, individuals are able to improve their way of life. It was at its earliest stages but these three fabricationists were able to proceed masters of the technique way forrader their counter split did.Modernism examined the aspect of existence. It ranged from philosophy to commerce. It allowed the readers to reflect without holding back and replaced the old methods with the new progressive techniques. It was the introduction on how the world must accept t he changes that were already occurring. By embracing these changes and retaining some traditions, the post-realist movement came into place. (Crook, 1991, p. 32) Charles devil is known for his leveltelling and immortal characters. With this, his literary creations received worldwide popularity which readers often anticipate for as well.The demand for Dickens short stories and novels didnt allow these to go out of print. He wrote serialized novels which the public eagerly waited and religiously read. Scholars who studied why Dickens stories could reach out to his readers discovered that the authors childhood influenced his fiction. These innocent follow finisheds assisted him in bringing these stories to life. His writing way is poetic because it combines fantasy and realism which allows readers to shift from one to the other. He was as well as inspired by the gothic romance theme that was made popular in the 18th century.The downside to this writing style is that some of his characters are grotesque that they often overpower the stories. (Glancy, 1999, p 45) Dombey sat in the corner of the darkened room in the great arm-chair by the bedside, and intelligence lay tucked up warm in a little basket bedstead, carefully disposed on a low settee outright in front of the fire and close to it, as if his constitution were analogous to that of a muffin, and it was inwrought to toast him brown while he was very new. Dombey was intimately eight-and-forty years of age. parole about eight-and-forty minutes.Dombey was rather bald, rather red, and though a handsome well-made man, too stern and pompous in appearance, to be prepossessing. Son was very bald, and very red, and though (of course) an undeniably fine infant, somewhat crushed and spotty in his general effect, as yet. The two paragraphs are from the first chapter of Dickens Dombey and Son. Dickens was an active participant in social concerns and such themes were rooted in this novel. Examples were join tures being arranged as if it were financial partnerships. Other themes were familial relationships and child cruelty.A factor that made Dickens works post-modernist is his take on social commentaries. He often wrote about poverty, specifically the social stratification in the blue(a) society. The approach Dickens often utilized is presenting the incidences through and through caricatures in order to present the readers the social truth. (Glancy, 1999, p. 53) Another post-modernist theme is that Dickens often highlighted his idealism through the poignant social commentaries of his novels. A number of his novels discussed social realism and concentrated on the mechanisms of the social control which directed the lives of the individuals.He used coincidences which only showed how idealistic his works were. Thomas Hardy is Dickens exact opposite. He is a realist in the sense that his novels often ends in a tragic note. Hardy was an side of meat novelist, writer and poet. Unlike Dicken s, Hardys childhood was privileged nor luxurious. His father was a stonemason and his mother provided him with his formal education. He was trained as an architect before he moved to London where he enrolled at Kings College. Because of his skills in designing, he won prizes from the Architectural Association and the Royal Institute of British architects.He discovered he also had the knack in writing, thus he began his career as a novelist. Jude the Obscure was Hardys most moot work. It received negative reviews especially from the Victorian public because of the brutal and unsanitized depiction of sex. It was touted as Jude the Obscene. It also caused further strain on Hardys marriage to Emma Hardy because it was said that the novel was autobiographical. Scholars pointed out that Emma was Hardys first love, just as Sue was Judes. Another evidence was Emmas obsession with godliness toward the latter years of her marriage to Hardy.Incidentally, this was Sues predicament on the nov el as well. Inspite of the controversies, Hardy became one of the best English novelists by the 20th century. His other works Tess of Durbervilles and The Mayor of Casterbridge were well-received by the public. His novels are set in Wessex, an imaginary world that covered the large area of the south-central-west and south England. (Harvey, 2003, p 23) He also wrote poetry and these were published after 1898 when Hardy took a break from writing novels to concentrate on his poems instead. Hardy was a crossbreed of the rural and the architectural world.He understood the former because he knew this as a child and at the same time, he also adapted to the changes of the latter because of how he was trained as an architecture. The post-modernist approach that is apparent in Hardys works is his ability to capture the industrial revolution, particularly the ones that took place in the English countryside. He also set this in the Victorian setting which makes his novels more real. (Harvey, 2003, p. 25) It was as old fashioned as it was small, and it rested in the lap of an undulating alpine adjoining the North Wessex downs.Old as it was, however, the well-shaft that was probably the only relic of the local history that remained absolutely unchanged. Many of the thatched and dormered dweeling-houses had been pulled down of late years, and many trees felled on the green. supra all, the original church, hump-backed, wood turreted-and quaintly-hipped, had been taken down, and either cracked up into heaps of road-metal in the lane, or utilized as pig-sty walls, garden seats, guard-stones to fences, and rockeries in the flower-beds of the neighbourhood.In place of it a tall new building of modern Gothic design, unfamiliar to English eyes, had been erected on a new piece of ground by a certain(prenominal) obliterator of historic records who had run down from London and back in a day. That is an excerpt from Jude the Obscure. Another post-modernist theme that is common i n Hardys works is his depiction of the rural life in the nineteenth century. He presents it as a fatalistic world that is filled with injustice and suffering. The lead characters in his stories are often alienated and ostracized for following their innermost desires that do not coincide with what society expects from them.He emphasizes on the power of fate, especially on the working class. He also shows the deep human instinct and will to essay against elemental passion. Examples are Tess in Tess of the Durbervilles and Jude and Sue in Jude The Obscure. (Morgan, 1992, p. 15) Tess of the dUrbervilles was a censored novel that followed Jude the Obscure. It is a great classic but received mixed reviews when it was first published because like Jude the Obscure, it presented sex in a straightforward manner that was rarely done during that time by other writers.Hardy illustrated modernism and this was a common theme in Tess of the dUrbervilles. He portrayed Tess as a cleaning woman who was able to strike the balance between the rural world and the architectural world, just as what Hardy was able to do. Hardy also discussed the separation of man from nature. In one part of the story, Angel was reduced to a skeleton when he got sick. This is an allusion to his creation of the destructive machinery. (Morgan, 1992, p. 18) There is also the double standard on sexuality which Tess had to go through.Hardy questioned and criticized the Victorian periods perception of female purity. In the novel, Hardy made Tess suffer in order to repent for the scenes of her forefathers. This was a common belief during that time. He also presented her heroine as a sacrificial victim which symbolized her personification of mother nature. This is the similarity Tess shares with Sue in Jude the Obscure. (Morgan, 1992, p. 20) Jude the Obscure tells the story of Jude Fawley who wishes to be a scholar. He fell in love with his cousin Sue, an intellectual who is training to become a teacher .The apparent themes in the book that are post-modernist concerns are class, religion, scholarship, marriage and the modernization of intellectual thought along with society. It also questions whether fate has an important role to a persons life let it lead him to where it will or the person can eventually take the reins and control his life on his own. The accidents and the details that are encountered in the stories eventually leads to the revile of both Jude and Sue. The book also discussed loneliness and sexuality, in terms of incest. Sexuality also prevents individuals from following through with their dreams.The most controversial topic that was present in the novel is marriage and on how personal dreams could no longer be fulfilled because of that. There was also the satirical look on how living a life as sophists, intellectuals and libertines often result to the condemnation from traditional society. All these themes are post-modernist. Scholars who focused on Hardy conclud ed that the author loved leaders his characters to their downfall as if he were a sadistic god. There are also strong autobiographical references to Hardys life in Jude the Obscure. both important clues to this theory is that Hardy did not attend a university and the love of Judes life, Emma Gifford, became more and more religious. (Harvey, 2003, p. 83) Joseph Conrad is the combination of Charles Dickens idealism and Thomas Hardys realism. He was one of the best English novelists of his time. Despite being Polish born, he was recognized as a master prose because of his approach on modernist literature. His style is narrative and his characters are often anti-heroic. He has been said to influence the lieks of Graham Greene, DH Lawrence and even Ernest Hemingway.(Orr, 1999, p 46)Conrad reflected on his experiences in the navy in his works. He wrote short stories and novels that showed areas of an empire and how it affected the human soul. Closely looking into Conrads life and how thi s affected his work, other autobiographical accounts are the clear depictions of certain parts of the world such as South American, Malay states, Borneo and Australia in some of his novels. This was because Conrad quickly became first mate and was already the master of his own ship by 1886. By the age of 36, he settled down and started writing.(Orr, 1999, p 62) Heart of Darkness is a novella filled with symbolisms. It is a story in a story or what the post-modernist theme describes as frame narrative. It is the story of Charles Marlow and his recollection of his advenutre in the Congo with a group of men. He was employed by the Belgian trading company to transport ivory. During this task, he thusly developed an interest in checking out the Kurtz. Conrads inspiration in writing the novel was his real-life experience in the Congo. He was there for eight and a half years before he sat down to write Heart of Darkness.As a matter of fact, he was captain of the Congo steamer. Therefore, there details in the novel are quite accurate because Conrad was actually there in the Congo. I looked at him, lost in astonishment. There he was before me, in motley, as though he had absconded from a troupe of mimes, enthusiastic, fabulous. His very existence was improbable, inexplicable, and all bewildering. He was an insoluble problem. It was inconceivable how he had existed, how he had succeeded in getting so far, how he had managed to remain why he did not instantly disappear.I went a little farther, he said, then still a little farthertill I had gone so far that I dont know how Ill ever get back. Never mind. Plenty time. I can manage. You take Kurtz away quickquickI tell you. The glamour of youth enveloped his parti-coloured rags, his destitution, his loneliness, the essential desolation of his futile wanderings. For monthsfor yearshis life hadnt been worth a days purchase and there he was gallantly, thoughtlessly alive, to all appearances indestructible solely by the cel ibacy of his few years and of his unreflecting audacity. I was seduced into something like admiration like envy.The previous paragraph is an excerpt of the novel which elaborates the post-modernist theme that is apparent in Heart of Darkness. This is the equivocalness between civilization and the barbarians. A number of characters in the novel had spiritual darkness and were looking for their morals. Those who were deemed to be barbaric turned out to be the cultivate characters in the end. All throughout the novel, there is the tension between civilization and barbarism. Kurtz represented the darkness which only served as the foundation to the moral structures that are often connotated to civilization.Marlow confronted Kurtz and asked him to commit to the savagery of human instincts or to veneer in the civilization setting. Marlow was torn but between the two, it was the lastter that he couldnt absolutely do. He was then horrified by what was in his heart. Conrad used the darkness in order to represent the unknown. Mr. Kurtz was the anti-hero of Heart of Darkness. Mallows recounts on the whole experience was also explored through the character build-up of Kurtz as well as Mallows interaction with the Africans.Another post-modernist theme is the novels regard on womens naivety. There is also the struggle between the good and the evil in the characters. (Orr, 1999, p. 36) Conrad was an emotional man who was depressed and bearish. He doubted his self and his capabilities. He was able to discipline his craft by resorting to romantic temperament. As an artist, he focused on what could be seen and made the written word powerful by it. (Orr, 1999, p. 28) That was a post-modernist theme that was made popular by Conrad, Hardy and Dickens.Their ability to write in a style that is similar to visual arts single the three of them out as the best in prose. They create the settings of their story, be it real like that of Conrads Congo or fictional like that of Hardys Wes sex. Whether they choose to have their characters be jailed and isolated or out there socializing, Conrad, Hardy and Dickens could do so. Literary critics comment on the works of these three novelists and recommend them for their complex narration, pessimistic ideas, profound themes and exotic styles. However, these do not put the readers off.The ideas which Conrad, Hardy and Dickens presented way back in the 20th century are still raise for 21st century readers. It only comes to prove that their approaches and their writing style are very modern and post-modernist. (Crook, 1991, p. 26) Modernists believed that rejecting tradition from the roots of romanticism and realism, they could make art that make and guided individuals through the fast pace of the new century. Modernists take their cue from the Impressionists and they all believe that by redefining their art, they are able to arrange these in a modern way which anybody could relate with.Post-realist in literature emerged fr om the historical backdrop that was presented by the romantic period. By responding to the architectural changes going on around them, post-realist writers in the previous centuries unconsciously became modern-writers because they replaced the themes that were dominant during the period of enlightenment by listening to their emotions and by combating the widespread conventions with taboo subjects presented in a new, truthful and sordid manner.Influenced by the constant evolution of society, modernists such as Dickens, Hardy and Conrad present their literature in a society that embraces the social truth they are in. Most of the characters in literary creations with post-modern themese are often dissatisfied but they embarked on a journey which allows them to revive the traditional elements or way of life and at the same time discover the other world out there and the new life that opens its doors for them.

Nurse Shortage Approaches Essay

When nurses argon forced to contrive with blue nurse to patient ratios, patients can develop a variety of infections, get injured, and can winding to death. Often at times patients are discharged home too soon without adequate education about how to manage their illness or trauma (Raquel & Sean, 2011). Because of patients being discharged to soon, this causes them to return back to the hospital often sicker than they were before. Increase in rate of admissions, transfers, and discharges on hospital units raises nurses workload. When nurses have less patients, they are able to provide high gear quality assistance (Raquel & Sean, 2011). A quantitative research was done based on knowledge of units attri thoe and shift by shift nurse staffing levels. The researchers inspected 43 units of medical and surgical patients mortality in an infamous magnet hospital here in United States. The units and shifts staffing data from 2003 to 2006 were obtained and consolidated with patient data resulting in 3.2 million unit shifts for 197961 patients.The outcome of two staffing variables were scrutinize using a shift unit level understaffing actual registered nurses staffing eight hours or more below target staffing levels generated by a patient classification system and high turnover which means unit admissions, transfers and discharges exceeds mean day shift by one standard deviation. Patient survival rate was canvas using be proportional hazard regression models with adjustment for clients, unit and shifts risk covariates was practiced. The risk adjust mortality was evaluated to staffing and turnover within the first 5 to 30 eld after admission and during previous shifts. The result was dangerous ratios (Raquel & Sean, 2011).The result shows that each shift and unit that where understaffed by 4 to 7% and also has high turnover the risk of patients death increases by 2 to 5%. The authors also pointed out that low acuity patient on units that are understaffed, the ris k of death is 4 to 12% and with high turnover the risk of death is 7 to 15% (Raquel & Sean, 2011). The strength of the study is that the researcher was able to analyzedpatients in the units, staffing, shifts levels and turnover. The authors pointed out that the limitation in the study is that the patient sample was non identical some confounding of staffing decision with patient clinical conditions and differentials in staffing could have influence the study. The authors elaborated that the findings in this study is consistent with previous association between registered nurse coverage and lower hospital mortality rate, (Raquel & Sean, 2011). telephone line and Compare Nursing LeadersSigma Theta Tau International (STTI) and 40 other health sustentation groups of organizations and leaders are availing to find solutions on the war of nurse famine. The sleeper designed a website, made advertising movements and secured media footage (Sigma Theta Tau International). These measures we re being done as a way to entice young people to enter the breast feeding profession. The publicizing measures also helped to spread the word to the public of the drastic need for nurses. STTI has risen over $1 million dollars to help towards the campaign of nurse shortage. The campaign continues to dupe new coverage nationwide to raise awareness of the nurse shortage (Sigma Theta Tau International). Johnson & Johnson and The Honor Society of Nursing worked together and contribute $20 million a year towards campaign to scale down on nurse shortage.The goal of Johnson & Johnson and The Honor Society campaign is to attract people to work in hospitals and increase care facilities (Sigma Theta Tau International). August 1, 2002 the former president Bush, signed suckle Reinvestment Act. The Nurse Reinvestment Act is intended to alleviate the nursing shortage by offering incentives with nurture reimbursements. The Nurse Reinvestment Act details five main functions Scholarship for fut ure nursing students with loan reimbursement programs. Public business announcement to entice people to recruit in nursing programs (ANA 2015). Career advancements programs for workers that would like to further their profession. Awarding grants to administrators for magnet programs. More focus on gerontology programs by offering grants for long- status care training. Fast track staffing reimbursement programs for those who decide to teach nursing curriculum (ANA 2015).Contrast and Compare Nursing ManagersMangers can help decrease nurse shortage by increasing the staff morale on the units. New nurses often feel intimidated some are giving tough assignments that they may need help with. As a manger overlooking is essential to make sure the work load is evenly distributed (ANA 2014). Management by Walking around (MBWA) is a manger that is always on the move making their rounds. When making rounds focus on what the staff is doing, offer help if needed, interact with the family members and the staff. This type of manger is in long-term care facilities. By making rounds you can ensure that all staff is being treated fairly, you are able to see what works and does not work (ANA 2014).My Personal and Professional Leadership StyleAs a nursing leader I prefer Transformational Leadership style. With transformational leadership the focus is on motivating and constructing relationships among the staff, so that the same mission and vision can be obtained. Transformational are good communicators, they use their charm to get people to see the emplacement on situations. Praise and encouragement is often used by transformational leaders, I am also a great problem solver both at work and at home. As a nurse manager my approach would be to continue community with the staff and encourage the staff through humanizing nursing theory. A good manager will treat their employees with a holistic approach. It is not every day that the workers are working up to 100% they could be having a personal problem. Continue to be assertive when needed, confront and deal with conflicts as they arise. When you treat your employees with respect, dignity, and allow autonomy they will be willing to work hard at their jobs.SummaryHospitals used both per diem nurses and traveling nurses who sign short-term contracts to fill individual shifts and accommodate short-term staffing needs arising from staff vacations or medical leaves. Some hospitals used internal staffing agencies or float pools. The downsides to these strategies include high cost and decreased quality of care. Hospitals looking for more long term strategies are investing more in nurse education, lower nurse to patient ratios or limiting volume of patients so not to overload on tap(predicate) staff. Hospitals are also partnering with nursing schoolsin an effort to grow population of new nurses and possibly secure contracts with students who attend clinical at their facilities. Nursing shortage can lead to increase pat ient harm and decrease in access to quality care. The nursing shortage is not a quick fix, but acknowledgment of the problem is a beginning to a solution. It is imperative that health care facilities staff their units properly so that the patients will receive quality care that they deserve. Understaffed and high turnover shifts increase the risk of death.ReferencesAmerican Nurses Association (ANA 2014). Nursing leadership, management and leadership style. Retrieved on April 22, 2015 from. http//www.aanac.org/docs/white-papers/2013-nursing-leadershipmanagement-leadership-styles.pdf?sfvrsn=4American Nurses Association (ANA 2015). Nurse reinvestment act background. Retrieved on April 22, 2015 from. http//www.nursingworld.org/NurseReinvestmentAct.aspxRaquel, M., & Sean, C. (2011). Staffing with nurse understaffing and high patient churn linked to heightened inpatient mortality risk in a single site study. test based nursing, Vol. 14, p122-123. Retrieved on April 22, 2015 from. http//d x.doi.org/10.1136/ebn.2011.100052Sigma Theta Tau International (1199-2015). Honor Society of Nursing. Facts on the nursing shortage in North America. Retrieved on April 22, 2015, from. http//www.nursingsociety.org/Pages/default.aspx

Animal Farm Essay 14

savage Farm Essay Throughout history, leadership plays an effective role upon millions of citizens in the world. Most societies refer to a leader as a psyche that attains the char feateristics of goodness and virtue. However, leadership also results in negative aspects that later result in tyranny, in which followers process destructively. Dictatorships usu ally rise to power in a time of social, political, and economic upheaval. In his novel, Animal Farm, George Orwell uses animal symbolism to relate the events that take place on Animal Farm with the events in the Russian Revolution through the usage of spirit behavior.An ambition for superior leadership and domination leads to deceit and cruelty that wherefore introduces an eager atmosphere among incompetent followers to feel constructive and significant explicitly depicts the downfall of freedom and comparison in Animal Farm. Napoleon emerges as a corrupt opportunist who declares himself the leader of Animal Farm. As Napole on continues to rise in power of all the animals within the farm he presently starts to treat the animals with brutality. After the animals admit they occasionally associate with the enemy of Animal Farm, Snowball, they were all slain on the spot.And so the tale of confessions went on, until there was a crush of corpses lying before Napoleons feet, and the air was heavy with the smell of blood, which had been unknown since the expulsion of Jones (Orwell 93). Napoleon tells the animals that they live in freedom however, Napoleons hunger for total leadership and power abruptly transforms into dictatorship, and the animals cease to have the right to rebel for what they believe. Thus, the animals continuously undergo mistreatment from Napoleon, in which this causes the animals to grow weak and pitiful due to the fact that he has complete mince over their life.As Napoleon continues to develop a manipulating attitude, the animals in the farm endure severe punishment if they do not mee t the expectations of Napoleons rules, so he establishes, he ordered the hens rations to be stopped, and decreed that any animal giving so much as a grain of corn to hen should be punished by death (Orwell 87). Napoleons negative leadership results into more cruelty that leads to the downfall of freedom and equality because the animals no longer owns their own autonomy to change the aspects of Animal Farm.Consequently, animal rights on Animal Farm promptly diminish as Napoleon gains more control and respect over the animals. As years pass Napoleon still remains in control of Animal Farm and he decides to change the name of the farm back to Manor Farm. Napoleon never asks the animals for their consent on this change, and unexpectedly the animals find out, all animals are equal, but some are more equal than new(prenominal)s (Orwell 133). As the animals examine Napoleon, they realize that he figuratively transforms into a human.Unfortunately, the animals could no longer act against his transformation, because his change allows all the animals to view his deceitfulness and come to realization that he never actually grants them with their equality. Therefore, the animals live under the exploitation of Napoleon so intently his control prevents them from rebelling, however, the animals remain unaware of the assistance Napoleon receives in dictating the farm. Squealer provides Napoleon with a trustworthy follower, and plays a major role in the dictatorship of Napoleon.Squealer also acts as the propagandist of all the animals, and the pigs bestow on him the task of persuading the animals negative opinions of Napoleon to positive. As the pigs move into the farmhouse, Squealer assures the animals that, it was absolutely necessary, he said, that the pigs who were the brains of the farm, should have a quiet place to invent in (Orwell 79). Squealer convinces the animals of Animal Farm to believe and follow Napoleon, by doing this Squealer achieves inner preen in the be lief that he too prevails to seem just as productive to the rest of the animals as they view Napoleon.Squealer incessantly makes up for Napoleons inability to give dynamic speeches, because Napoleons manipulation toward the whole farm works on everyone, especially Squealer, because without the help of Squealer the animals would have no other reliable source to believe, therefore, Squealer accommodates Napoleon in the prevention of animal rights. During the cold winter, the reduction of rations starts, but Squealer assures the animals, that on the contrary to the principles of Animalism this was positive.He had no difficulty in proving to the animals that they were not really short of food, no matter what the appearances may be (Orwell 115). Squealer never fails to justify the commands of Napoleons by rationalizing them to the little intelligent animals. Without the manipulation of Squealer, the realization of the animals that Animalism no longer exists under Napoleon in doubt beco mes clearer. Squealer himself remains weak in character but he assumes a sense of responsibility and power by performing the tasks for Napoleon.Therefore, the actions of Squealer also commit to the causes of the defeat of animal freedom and equality among the farm, and the animals remain under the control of the dominant leader Napoleon, and the rest of the pigs of the farm. All types of leadership exist in the world, but great leadership determines on the actions of the person in power. Napoleon overall exhibits himself as a destructive leader that commits cruel and deceitful actions in order to prevent the animals from gaining their rightful privileges of freedom and equality. chase such as Squealer allow the dictatorship of Napoleon to continue, and the lives of the animals become worse than they had under the control of the humans. The animals give their freedom to Napoleon and continue to work for him, under his demanding rules and laws. Thus, the degree of leadership not only emits to the person in power, but also to the follower, for both the leader and follower alike the burdens of self-restraint. Works Cited Orwell, George. Animal Farm. New York Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Inc, 1946.

Israel’s Stand: Thwarting Terrorism by Decimating Hezbollah Essay

A nonher specter of fear surged around the globe new-fashionedly and the terrorist group al-Jihad is the virtuoso to be blamed. Terrorism is non scarce a threat by itself because it sows fear in a state of matter of civilians and their neighbors. Most terrorist groups like Hezbollah be more dangerous than loners and crazies because they are non crazed at all. These people believe that to spark terrorism is a right thing to do.Ultimately, the goal of Hezbollah is to force the Israel goernment to respond to their abandon in a harsh manner, in the hope that such(prenominal) repression allow for lead to discontent among the people and would lead it to bow down to their selfish interests. In this case, we could deem that terrorists believe that they could use their tactics to forward their goals to destabilize governments and occupational forces. Such terrorism is directed at a specific goal that is light approximately to articulate and understand, such as overthrow of the curre nt semipolitical regime.On the other hand, radical Moslem believers frequently state goal of terrorist groups is to promote a certain religious system or protect a set of beliefs within a religion. This kind of terrorism is called religious terrorism. A good illustration of this type of terrorism is the use of jihad, or holy war, by Islamic fundamentalists who wish to protect their religion from creeping secularism and cultural imperialism posed by westward countries such as the joined States (Ali and Bowe, 1988). Israel, as a nation, has gone through the most grueling conditions.Its politics at large have been strongly influenced by two seemingly contradictory forces the Jewish peoples long history of persecution and repression-culminating with the systematic killing of ab show up six million Jews during World war II. Also, as a consequence of the Holocaust, many people stood negatively upon the violent basis of the state of Israel in 1948 and until now it threatens their re alms unpeaceful embark and continuously adding to their violent history. The haunting memories of the Holocaust and the conflicts between Israel, its neighbors and the Palestinians have profoundly shaped Israeli society, psyche and politics.The reaction of Israel to the recent conflicts with Hezbollah could be deemed as it really wanted to put a stop to their violent history. Even before, major terrorist groups, such as Hamas, Islamic Jihad, and Hezbollah, oppose the existence of Israel and reject the creation of a Palestinian state on the West Bank and Gaza. They have pledged to continue terrorism against Israels Jews until all of Palestine is liberated and not one inch of it is under Jewish control. For them mere contiguity is irrelevant. Essentially, these terrorists groups are closed to the idea of compromise because they want e precisething.In mid-July 2006, the leader of Lebanon-based Hezbollah denote that his militant Islamic group had captured two Israeli soldiers. The He zbollah leader, Hassan Nasrallah, asserted that the soldiers would only be returned through a combination of dialogue and prisoner exchange. He added that the operation had been planned in advance of the capture of another Israeli soldier by Palestinian militants in Gaza. Underscoring his militant stance, the head of Hezbollah withal said that if Israel wanted to escalate the crisis, his group would be ready to deal with a possible confrontation.The Israeli government held urgent cabinet meetings regarding the situation and canonic a strong military offensive in Lebanon in response to Hezbollahs actions and to a fault for the purpose of finding the two captured soldiers. Israel warned that it would capture Lebanon trusty for the fates of the two captured soldiers, pointing to the fact that Hezbollah had been allowed to attack Israel from within Lebanese borders with imp haleness and irrespective of the parameters of inter study law. Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Olmert characteri zed the actions of Lebanon-based Hezbollah as an act of war. The Israeli leaders promise of painful and far-reaching consequences was issued just as its forces launched a military assault on southern Lebanon. The initial assault left some(prenominal) Israeli troops and civilians dead, tear down as roads as well as Hezbollah interests were attacked within Lebanon. As an organization, Hezbollah essentially means troupe of God tho their aims do not necessarily imitate godly actions. Their history emanated to help the Islamic Revolutionary Guards fight active opponents who demonstrated in the streets. The name was used as early as 1973 by Ayatollah Mahmood Ghaffary in Iran.It was resurrected in 1978 in one of the revolutions slogans Our Party Is the Party of Allah and Our attractor Is Ruh Allah. The so-called party consisted of a thousand young thugs who infested capital of Irans poor neighborhoods. For a modest monthly allowance, they waged street battles against members of more sophisticated political groups. In contrast to its beginning, the party today boasts a membership of more than one million adherents in Iran alone. Its offshoots in Muslim countries, Europe, and America act as operatives and as a vanguard for the Islamic Republic of Iran.In Lebanon, the party also has a powerful military growg that has bombed Israel and given assistance to militant groups like Hamas in the Gaza Strip (Hoveyda 94). Just last year, Hezbollah challenged United States as Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, the main Hezbollah leader taunted the Bush administrations occupy that Lebanon was part of the U. S. -supported nation wave. You are wrong in your calculations in Lebanon, he said in a Pro-Syria berate in Beirut. Lebanon will not be divided. Lebanon is not Somalia Lebanon is not Ukraine Lebanon is not Georgia.In an interview, the leader was quoted expression Forget about your dreams of Lebanon. What you did not win in war, I swear, you will not win with politics (Fattah A1). Clearly, Nasrallah is inviting conflicts and not interested to talk about peace. Feldman of the New York Times Magazine stated that Israel is the only representative society in a region where autocratic states exist, where they tolerate terrorist groups like the Hezbollah. With the Iraqi wars success in stopping Al-Qaida, it assumed the democratic stance of the United States in their counter-terrorism initiatives.As the Hezbollah now is forwarding its aims by elections, it won the by popularity in Lebanon. It left no choice to Israel but to stage the attacks to deplete the Hezbollah terrorists once and for all (9). With this cause to topple Hezbollah, the Israeli Left which is accustomed to damn every government, has rallied behind Prime Minister Ehud Olmert. The national unity is as impressive as the determination. Only that one difficulty for Israel, while Hezbollah is the overt enemy, the real authors of this crisis is Iran and its opportunistic lieukick Syria.Arab states and their terrorist groups have discovered that attempts to scour out Israel do irremediable damage to themselves. Irans Shiite leaders believe that their messianic Islamic revolution can achieve the victory that eluded the secular or Sunni Arabs. The terrorist organization Hezbollah is just the frontline weapon for the purpose, supposedly a vanguard of Shiite supremacy but in reality just a group of mercenaries that Tehran arms, finances, and disavows all in the same breath (National Review 19). Furthermore, the National Review indicated thatIn the past, Israel has killed Hamas leaders, and in the present operations it has detained a number of others. Like Hezbollah, Hamas is give and sponsored by Tehran, but its followers are Palestinian and Sunni, and it is conceivable that Israel will agree to a cease-fire and the exchange of the Hamas leaders it holds for Cpl. Gilad Shalit, kidnapped by Hamas. No such deal is possible with Hezbollah, in part because it is an existential threat i n a way that Hamas is not, and in part because Tehran would never accept it, even as it twisted any humanitarian negotiating position that Israel might adopt into evidence of weakness and surrender.Israel has killed previous Hezbollah leaders, and arrested others, and now it is destroying Hezbollahs infrastructure, its headquarters, Al-Manar picture station, and much else. If commandoes or aircraft close in on Nasrallah, the likelihood is that he will do a bin Laden and go to ground in Syria or Iran. Whatever returns, and however long it may take, Hezbollah has to be pushed back far enough to leave its arsenal of missiles unthreatening to Israel. Such an eventuality could only encourage the Lebanese at last to settle accounts with these gunmen in their midst.As further conflicts rise in the efforts of Israel, United Nations Secretary Kofi Annan expressed knock down at the apparently deliberate targeting of the post, especially since he claimed that Israel had assured him of the s afety of United Nations personnel. Israel responded by conveying its regret over the matter. Some Israeli spokespersons criticized Annan for irresponsibly accusing their country of deliberate action before an investigation could be carried out. A day later, an initial report into the deaths of the United Nations peacekeepers was released.The report indicated that despite repeated contacts by the United Nations 10 in total with Israeli troops regarding the closeness of Israeli strikes in the area, and regardless of promises from the Israelis that the shelling would stop, the United Nations post was trip up by a precision-guided missile following a period of about six hours of constant shelling. Although we are aware of the extent of damage that Israel is pushing against the Hezbollah, Israel is unchanging taking full responsibility about the matters of not including civilians.It is the Hezbollah to blame because they are using the civilian as shields to their ongoing skirmishes. As Hezbollah is acquire the media mileage by appealing to the world that Israel is ganging up on innocent civilians. On the ground in the conflict zone, Israeli troops experienced one of their bloodiest and most challenging days. Eight soldiers died and around 22 were injured in clashes with Hezbollah it was the most significant loss of troops to Israel since the start of the conflict.The clashes ensued at Bint Jbeil the very town that Israel said it had taken control of a day earlier. In a separate incident of fighting, a ninth Israeli, this time an officer, was killed. In the urban center center of Tyre in Lebanon, a huge explosion destroyed a multi-storey complex, supposedly regarded as the offices of another Hezbollah commander. On the other side of the border, Hezbollah continued its rocket assault on Israel, leaving about 31 people injured. It was estimated that Hezbollah was firing rockets at a rate of over 100 per day into Israel.Hezbollah seems to be applying the approac h similar to Osama bin Laden and Al Qaidas. Bin Laden has used his ties with al-Qaida to conduct a worldwide campaign of terrorism. The primary goal of Bin Laden and his supporters is to liberate Palestine, with secondary goals of removing the Saudi ruling family from power and driving Western military forces and their corrupt, Western-oriented governments from preponderantly Muslim countries. Most Islamic fighters have no interest in strategies of authentication or existential realization and no interest in blowxist theories of emancipation. yet, in one respect, their actions echo stunted ideas that the act of terror not only had an expressive meaning, but an existential meaning as well. To wit, even self-annihilation can be life affirming (Coker 291). Terrorism should be thwarted at once before it could sow more damaging effects in the future. The nation of Israel has unified for this aim because, in the real sense, they have had enough of these radical terrorist groups that ha s threatened them over the years. It is time for Israel to find out whether there is a democratic antidote to the poisons that have long been flowing around their borders.Yes, action entails risk. But so does inaction. Like the catastrophe of 9/11 was only the most salient consequence of a quarter-century of inaction, of denying that the rise of radical Islamism and terrorism were matters to be taken seriously around the globe. Works Cited Coker, C. War Without Warriors. In Global Responses to Terrorism 9/11, Afghanistan and beyond, Buckley, M. & Fawn, R. (Eds. ) (pp. 284-295). New York Routledge, 2003. Fattah, Hassan M. Pro-Syria Party in Beirut Holds a Huge Protest, The New York Times, March 9, 2005, p.A1. Feldman, Noah. Ballots and Bullets, New York Times Magazine. (New York, Jul 30, 2006) 9-12. Hoveyda, Fereydoun. The Broken Crescent The Threat of Militant Islamic Fundamentalism. Westport, CT Praeger, 1998. National Review. The Israeli Front, 58. 14 (New York, Aug 7, 2006) 14. Pro-Syria Party in Beirut Holds a Huge Protest Hassan M. Fattah, Jad Mouawad contributed reporting for this article.. New York Times. (Late Edition (East Coast)). New York, N. Y. Mar 9, 2005. pg. A. 1 Copyright New York Times Company Mar 9, 2005Shouting anti-American and anti-Israeli slogans, hundreds of thousands of Lebanese poured into central Beirut on Tuesday in a return of strength by the militant Shiite Muslim party Hezbollah, which opposes a withdrawal of Syrian forces from Lebanon. The enormous crowd, in which many had been bused in from the Shiite slums of southern Beirut, was far big than the anti-Syrian demonstrations of recent weeks that have drawn broad international support. It offered a defiant challenge to the Lebanese foeman forces that have insisted on Syrian withdrawal and opened fault lines of class and ideology.Today, you decide the future of your nation and your country today, you answer the world, the Hezbollah leader, Sheik Hassan Nasrallah, said in a ra re and surprise appearance. Banners held aloft read No to American-Zionist intervention. Yes to Lebanese-Syrian brotherhood. President Bush, speaking later in Washington, stepped up pressure on Syria to withdraw its 14,000 troops before Lebanons elections in May, saying the forces of authoritarianism across the Middle East are facing a fast-moving wave of popular antonym.The emergence of democracy in Lebanon, he said, would amount to a ring on the doors of every Arab regime. Page A10. The participants at the demonstration here represented, by and large, a very different Lebanon from the educated, better-off Christians, Druse and Sunni Muslims who have captured the worlds attention since Rafik Hariri, the actor prime rector, was assassinated Feb. 14 by a huge car bomb. While the anti-Syrian opposition movement has been called the Cedar Revolution, a reference to the Lebanese national tree, it has also been called the BMW revolution.The demonstration included far more women with covered heads and many men in traditional dress. Since the killing of Mr. Hariri, a billionaire who resigned as prime minister to protest Syrian domination of Lebanon, many Lebanese parties have called for the complete withdrawal of Syrian troops, which have been here since 1976. Backers of the withdrawal have taken to the streets in demonstrations reminiscent of the events in November in Ukraine, where a rigged election was overturned partly through popular rallies. The Lebanese opposition blames Syria for Mr. Hariris death, a flash Syria has denied.Hezbollah, or the Party of God, had remained quiet until Tuesday despite invitations by the opposition to join. The opposition has been struggling to demonstrate that it is the voice of the majority while becoming a favorite(a) cause of the Bush administration. Freedom will prevail in Lebanon, Mr. Bush said Tuesday. The American people are on your side. Millions across the earth are on your side. But Hezbollah, which the State Depar tment classifies as a terrorist group, is now Lebanons best organized political party and maintains a militia of some 20,000 men.United Nations Resolution 1559, passed in September 2004, calls for both the withdrawal of all foreign forces and the disarmament of Lebanons militias. To Hezbollah and its followers, the foreign threat to Lebanon comes not from Syria but from Israel and its ally, the United States. Israel occupied part of southern Lebanon from 1982 until 2000 in order to prevent infiltrations from radical anti-Israel groups. Many Lebanese Shiites say Israel still has designs on their land and that the American-backed democracy movement is simply another form of American imperialism.Forget about your dreams of Lebanon, Sheik Nasrallah, the Hezbollah leader, said at the rally, speaking to Israels leaders. What you did not win in war, I swear, you will not win with politics. Speaking to the Bush administration, he said You are wrong in your calculations in Lebanon. Lebanon will not be divided. Lebanon is not Somalia Lebanon is not Ukraine Lebanon is not Georgia. Ahmad Moussa, 22, a student at the rally, said Were here to defend our liberty and our true sovereignty, the sovereignty of the resistance. The opposition wants to open the door to the Americans and to foreign intervention.We will stop them. The demonstration was held in Riyadh al Solh Square a few blocks from Martyrs Square, where the opposition movement has held its demonstrations. The pro-Syrian demonstrators fill the open field in front of United Nations offices in Beirut, and stretched across nearby overpasses, roads and tunnels. Officially, the demonstration was sponsored by several political parties. But the rally was all Hezbollah, complete with well-designed banners, anthems, crowd control and a secret police infrastructure to ensure that things stayed peaceful.Hezbollah, which has 13 of the 128 seats in the Lebanese Parliament and hopes to stretch forth its power as the country pr epares for the May elections, clearly wanted to make a show of strength through the demonstration, challenging the oppositions claim to represent the nations future. I want to show the Americans, the French and the U. N. that we are the majority of the Lebanese and that we have a voice, said Youness Ismail, 26, a eating place owner from the poor southern suburbs, who had arrived in the square on Tuesday morning.All they have done is make us promises they never kept, and now they are nerve-racking to use the international community to reoccupy us. Like the opposition movement, the demonstrators waved Lebanese flags and called for national unity, while demanding the truth behind Mr. Hariris assassination. But the sea of people also raised photos of the Syrian president, Bashar al-Assad, and the Lebanese president, Emile Lahoud, an ally of Syria. Some banners read, America is the source of terrorism. This is a goodbye party, not a show of support for Syria, said the opposition leade r Jibran Tuweini, editor of the Lebanese daily An Nahar. If they wanted this to be a challenge to us, they would have brought their partys yellow flags. But Hezbollah doesnt want to burn its bridges with anyone because ultimately they will have to return to the Lebanese people once everything is over. At Martyrs Square, opposition demonstrators who have been camping out expressed their frustration at the growing demonstration not far away.The roar of the crowd could be heard as the tents rustled in the wind, and many Hezbollah demonstrators walked past the opposition tents pitched at the square. The Lebanese Army showed up in full force to ensure that both groups were kept apart. Shame on them they are carrying flags and raising pictures of foreign leaders, said Samer Samer, 57, who had brought his two sons to the opposition camp. Theyre like us they want no foreign interference and want the U. S. , Israel and France out. But we also want the Syrians out too. Fears that the growin g political tension will lead to a resurgence of violence have grown in recent days as Lebanons political and sectarian fault lines have re-emerged. Lebanons rival groups fought a vicious civil war from 1975 to 1990, leaving move of the country in ruins. This is a delicate situation but not a dangerous one, Mr. Tuweini, the opposition leader, insisted as he watched the demonstration on picture from his office overlooking Martyrs Square. Im not worried about the unity of the Lebanese, but I am worried that car bombs and assassinations will happen as we try to defend it. The demonstration came one day after Syria began a redeployment of its forces to the Bakaa region. But Mr. Assad and Mr. Lahoud said in a statement on Monday that a complete withdrawal would await negotiations with a future Lebanese government, raising the likelihood that Syrian soldiers will still be in the country during the elections in May. On Tuesday, Lebanese officials told The Associated Press that the main S yrian intelligence offices, along with Syrian troops, would be relocated by March 23, when the Arab League is to hold its annual summit meeting in Algeria.

Private Peaceful Essay

Have you ever felt like a character in the book that you are reading? Some authors publish in such a way that fuddles the reader feel as if he or she were actually in the book. Michael Morpurgo is one of those authors. In Private Peaceful, he go fors characterization, imagery, and move to really help the reader understand and relate to the plot.Characterization plays a key role in making the reader relate to the plot. For example, in the beginning of the book, Tommy feels as if he does not belong in society. He is also dep checkent on Charlie and looks up to him to protect him and guide him through life. But, towards the end of the reputation, Tommy becomes completely independent and matures into a young, confident soldier. The situation shows the reader how war changes people not only on the outside but also on the inside. Another example is the friendship between Molly, Charlie, and Tommy. They had a deep friendship all through their early years and into their teens. Morpurgo then developed that friendship into a relationship between Molly and Charlie. This eventually excludes Tommy from the group and adds to the fact that he does not belong. The reader can relate to this if they have ever been excluded from a group or ever had a girl that they loved stolen form them.Another literary element that makes the reader connect to the book is setting. The setting is very detailed. The Peacefuls support in Hatherleigh, England which is near the southern part the United Kingdom. When Morpurgo describes where they live, the reader gains a picture of the setup of the town. He describes the house as an old cottage kin which is next to a large hill. On top of that hill, the Colonel, the man that Tommy and Charlies mother works for and the man that owns their house, lives in his mansion.This provides an image that the reader can use throughout the story. Another example of where they live is the creek that lies just at the bottom of the hill where Molly, Charlie, a nd Tommy fished for trout when they were younger. This helps the reader connect situations to the picture that they already have of the layout of Hatherleigh. The setting then moves to France where Charlie and Tommy get thrown into the war. Morpurgo paints a mental picture of the setting as their bunker is right in front of no-mans land and the foeman right on the other side of no-mans land. He does this so thereader has an understanding of how close the enemy is to Tommy.The final literary element employ in this book is imagery. Morpurgo uses visual, auditory, and olfactory imagery in the book. He uses auditory when Charlie, Tommy, Hanley, and the rest of the squad are sitting in the bunker and Hanley is ordering them to make a break for it but Charlie ignores the order and the rest of the squad moves with Hanley. Morpurgo depicts the rattling of the machine guns and the screams of the soldiers that were cut short. The visual imagery is used when the paries of Germans are appro ach shot over no-mans land.He describes the Germans as an invincible wall that cannot be penetrated until he sees the Germans falling to their knees and falling over. This helps the reader see the wall and the Germans falling to their knees. Olfactory imagery is used when he is in the bunkers in France. Tommy smells men that have not taken showers in weeks and the stench of death. The reader at one time has an understanding of what war and death smells like. This makes the reader feel as if he or she were in Paris.The literary elements in the story bring the whole story together. The characterization, imagery, and setting makes the reader connect to the book and not just understand it. This book really explains the cost of war on cities as well as the people in it.

Civil 1 Review Syllabus

no. they are lumped together as illegitimate. Thus, spurious children are given rights. 2. unalike solutions to old jobs Example Change in river course 3. Clarification of old provisions Example on a lower floor the old Civil grave, there were and unfilled and revokable contracts. With the addition of unenforceable and rescissible contracts, the NCC provides clarification 4. Certain subjects omitted Examples The dowry has been omitted certain leases gain as well as been omitted. The NCC is far from perfect. There are structural defects.Certain things which should be in the preliminary section are found elsewhere. An example of this is the vices of consent. Why are they found in contracts? They are relevant in all juridical trans processs. other example is the topic of degrees of relationship. This is found only in succession. Degrees of relationship are relevant in other books too. Finally, why is tradition found in the constabulary on sales? Tradition is not only im portant in sales. Rather, tradition is a mode of acquiring ownership. PRELIMINARY TITLE I. Effect and covering of Laws Art. 1.This Act shall be fuckn as the Civil Code of the Philippines. Art. 2. Laws shall take pitch subsequently fifteen long time following the completion of their effect in the Official gazette, unless it is otherwise provided. This Code shall take effect maven year after such tied(p)t. This code shall take effect 1 year after such everydayation. The SC in the case of Lara vs. Del Rosario that the one year should be counted from the date of actual unveil and not the date of issue. Executive Order no. 200 supersedes hold 2 regarding the time of effectivity of rightfulnesss. EXECUTIVE ORDER NO. 00 PROVIDING FOR THE PUBLICATION OF LAWS EITHER IN THE OFFICIAL GAZETTE OR IN A NEWSPAPER OF GENERAL CIRCULATION IN THE PHILIPPINES AS A REQUIREMENT FOR THEIR EFFECTIVITY WHEREAS, denomination 2 of the Civil Code partly provides that justices shall take eff ect after fifteen daylights following the completion of their publication in the Official Gazette, unless it is otherwise provided . . . WHEREAS, the requirement that for laws to be effective only a publication thereof in the Official Gazette depart suffice has entailed some problems, a point accept by the Supreme Court in Tanada, et al. vs. Tuvera, et al. (G. R. No. 3915, December 29, 1986) when it observed that there is much to be verbalize of the view that the publication need not be made in the Official Gazette, considering its erratic release and limited readership WHEREAS, it was likewise observed that un queryedly, newspapers of general circulation could better perform the function of communicating the laws to the people as such periodicals are more easily available, have a wider readership, and come out regularly and WHEREAS, in view of the foregoing premises Article 2 of the Civil Code should accordingly be revise so the laws to be effective must be published either in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the country NOW, THEREFORE, I, CORAZON C. AQUINO, President of the Philippines, by virtue of the positions vested in me by the Constitution, do hereby order Sec. 1.Laws shall take effect after fifteen days following the completion of their publication either in the Official Gazette or in a newspaper of general circulation in the Philippines, unless it is otherwise provided. Sec. 2. Article 2 of Republic Act No. 386, otherwise known as the Civil Code of the Philippines, and all other laws inconsistent with this Executive Order are hereby repealed or modified accordingly. Sec. 3. This Executive Order shall take effect immediately after its publication in the Official Gazette. Done in the city of Manila, this 18th day of June, in the year of Our Lord, nineteen hundred and eighty-seven. 15 days following does this mean on the 15th or 16th day? The law is not clear. Under Article 2, publication in the Official Gaze tte was necessary.Now, downstairs E. O. No. 200, publication may either be in the Official Gazette or a newspaper of general publication. unless otherwise provided refers to when the law shall take effect. It does not mean that publication can be mete out with. Otherwise, that would be a violation of due process. General Rule Laws must be published in either the Official Gazette or a newspaper of general circulation. Exception The law may provide for another manner of publication. Different manner meaning 1. Not in Official Gazette or newspaper of general circulation or Example Read over the television or the radio (provided that the alternative is reasonable) 2.Change in the period of effectivity publication means making it known dissemination. It doesnt have to be in writing. Change period of effectivity the gap surrounded by publication and effectivity should be reasonable downstairs the circumstances. Before publication, cannot apply the law whether penal or complais ant (Pesigan vs. Angeles) Why? How can you be bound if you dont know the law. Requirement of publication applies to all laws and is mandatory. Art. 3. Ignorance of the law exc single-valued functions no one from compliance therewith. Ignorantia legis neminem excusat (Ignorance of the law excuses no one). This is a necessary rule for all well-behavedized society.Otherwise it would be impossible to enforce the law. It is very hard to determine whether or not a mortal really does not know the law. Without this rule, there would be anarchy. The law sacrifices occasional harshness to prevent universal anarchy. There are potential methods to mitigate the severity of Article 3 Articles 526 (3), 2155, 1334. * In Kasilag vs. Rodriguez, the SC said that the self-denial of the antichretic credit as possession in good faith since a difficult question of law was involved antichresis. In this case, the parties were not very well-educated of the law. Article 3 applies only to ignorance of Philippine law. It does not apply to foreign law.In Private International Law, foreign law must be constituten even if it is applicable. Otherwise, the philanders will presume the foreign law to be the same as Philippine law. Art. 4. Laws shall have no retroactive effect, unless the opposite word is provided. Lex de futuro judex de preterito (The law provides for the future, the judge for the past). retro law one which creates a new obligation and imposes a new duty or attaches a new disability with respect to trans exploits or considerations already past. General Rule Law must be applied prospectively. Exceptions 1. If the statute provides for retroactivity. Exception to the excerption a. Ex post facto laws b. Laws which impair the obligation of contracts 2.Penal laws in so far as it favors the accused who is not a habitual shepherds crook, even though at the time of the enactment of such law final sentence has already been rendered. 3. Remedial laws as long as it d oes not affect or change vested rights. 4. When the law creates new substantive rights unless vested rights are impaired. 5. Curative laws (the purpose is to be cured _or_ healed defects or imperfections in judicial or administrative proceedings) 6. Interpretative laws 7. Laws which are of emergency nature or are authorized by police power (Santos vs. Alvarez PNB vs. Office of the President) Art. 5. Acts execute against the provisions of mandatory or prohibitory laws shall be void, except when the law itself authorizes their validity. A mandatory law is one which prescribes some grammatical constituent as a requirement (i. e. wills must be written Article 804( form of donations Article 749) A prohibitory law is one which forbids something (i. e. , joint wills Article 818() General Rule Acts which are contrary to mandatory or prohibited laws are void. Exceptions 1. When the law itself authorized its validity (i. e. , lotto, sweepstakes) 2. When the law makes the act only voi dable and not void (i. e. , if consent is vitiated, the contract is voidable and not void) 3. When the law makes the act valid hardly punishes the violator (i. e. , if the marriage is celebrated by someone without legal authority but the parties are in good faith, the marriage is valid but the person who married the parties is liable) 4.When the law makes the act void but recognizes legal personal effects flowing therefrom (i. e. , Articles 1412 & 1413() Art. 6. Rights may be waived, unless the waiver is contrary to law, public order, public constitution, morals, or good customs, or prejudicial to a third person with a right recognized by law. What one can waive are rights and not obligations. Example, a creditor can waive the contribute but the debtor may not. There is no form required for a waiver since a waiver is optional. You can waive by untainted inaction, refusing to collect a debt for example is a form of waiver. Requisites of a valid waiver (Herrera vs. Boromeo) 1. Existence of a right 2. Knowledge of the existence of the right 3.An purport to relinquish the right (implied in this is the capacity to dispose of the right) General Rule Rights can be waived. Exceptions 1. If waiver is contrary to law, public order, public policy, morals or good customs 2. If the waiver would be prejudicial to a 3rd party with a right recognized by law. (e. g. , If A owes B P10M, B cant waive the loan if B owes C and B has no other assets. ) Examples of waivers which are prohibited 1. Repudiation of future inheritance 2. run of the protection of pactum commissorium 3. Waiver of future support 4. Waiver of employment benefits in advance 5. Waiver of minimum wage 6. Waiver of the right to revoke a will Art. 7.Laws are repealed only by subsequent ones, and their violation or non-observance shall not be excused by disuse, or custom or place to the contrary. When the courtyards declared a law to be inconsistent with the Constitution, the former shall be void an d the latter shall govern. Administrative or executive acts, orders and regulations shall be valid only when they are not contrary to the laws or the Constitution. Article 7 is obvious because time moves forward. Only subsequent laws can repeal prior laws either by 1. A repealing clause 2. Incompatibility of the subsequent and prior laws The violation of a law is not justified even if 1. No one follows the law (i. e. evasion of taxes) 2. There is a custom to the contrary The 2nd par. of Article 7 is judicial review in statutory form. Art. 8. Judicial purposes applying or interpreting the laws or the Constitution shall form a part of the legal system of the Philippines. This is a new provision taken from common law. Under the civil law tradition, the court merely applies the law. However since the Philippine legal system is a combination of civil law and common law, courts apply statutes as well as fixing to the doctrine of precedent. Art. 9. No judge or court shall decline to render judgment by reason of the silence, obscurity or insufficiency of the laws. Art. 10.In case of doubt in the interpretation or application of laws, it is presumed that the lawmaking body intended right and justice to prevail. What if the law is silent? The court should render a decision based on justice as stated in Article 10. Art. 11. Customs which are contrary to law, public order or public policy shall not be countenanced. What if customs are not contrary to law? The custom would be countenanced. However, this does not mean that the custom would have obligatory force. Art. 12. A custom must be proved as a fact, according to the rules of evidence. The law doesnt specify the cases when custom is relevant in litigation. But in case custom is relevant, it should be proven. Commentators say that custom is important in cases involving negligence.For example, if a kalesa in Manila is by custom supposed to have ratan baskets to prevent people from slipping, if a person slip s because there is no rattan basket, then he can sue for negligence. Art. 13. When the laws speak of years, calendar months, days or nights, it shall be understood that years are of three hundred sixty-five days each months, of thirty days days, of twenty-four hours and nights from sunset to sunrise. If months are designated by their name, they shall be computed by the number of days which they respectively have. In computing a period, the first day shall be excluded, and the last day included. Article 13 has been superseded by Executive Order No. 292 (the Revised Administrative Code of 1987) Book 1, 31. Sec. 31. Legal Periods. Year shall be understood to be twelve calendar months month of thirty days, unless it refers to a specific calendar month in which case it shall be computed according to the number of days the specific month contains day, to a day of twenty-four hours and night, from sunset to sunrise. Under E. O. No. 292, a year is now equivalent to 12 calendar months and not 365 days. Under Article 13 skip over years are not considered. For examples, in order to make a will, one has to be 18 years old. But if you use Article 13, one loses 4 to 5 days if you dont count the leap years. E. O. No. 292 is better than Article 13 since it is more realistic. There should have been a definition of hours.That definition is relevant for labor law. According to Professor Balane, an hour should be defined as 1/24 of a calendar day. If you use the definition that an hour is equal to 60 minutes, then we would have to define minutes, then seconds, and so on. It would be too scientific. II. Conflicts of Law Provisions Art. 14. Penal laws and those of public security and safety shall be obligatory upon all who live or sojourn in the Philippine territory, subject to the principles of public international law and to accord stipulations. Two principles 1. Territoriality General Rule malefactor laws apply only in Philippine territory. Exception Article 2, Revised P enal Code. ( 2.Generality General Rule Criminal laws apply to everyone in the territory (citizens and aliens) Exceptions In these instances, all the Philippines can do is expel them a. Treaty stipulations which exempt some persons within the jurisdiction of Philippine courts (e. g. , Bases Agreement) b. Heads of earth and Ambassadors (Note Consuls are subject to the jurisdiction of our criminal courts. ) Art. 15. Laws relating to family rights and duties, or to the status, condition and legal capacity of persons are binding upon citizens of the Philippines, even though living abroad. Theories on face-to-face Law 1. Domiciliary theory the personal laws of a person are determined by his domicile 2.Nationality theory the nationality or citizenship determines the personal laws of the individual Under Article 15, the Philippines follows the nationality theory. Family rights and duties, status and legal capacity of Filipinos are governed by Philippine law. General Rule Under Articl e 26 of the Family Code, all marriages solemnized outside the Philippines in accordance with the laws in force in the country where they were solemnized and valid there as such, is also valid in the Philippines. Exception If the marriage is void under Philippine law, then the marriage is void even if it is valid in the country where the marriage was solemnized . Exception to the exception 1. Article 35, 2, Family Code Art. 35.The following marriages shall be void from the beginning (2) Those solemnized by whatever person not legally authorized to perform marriages unless such marriages were contracted with either or some(prenominal) parties accept in good faith that the solemnizing officer had the legal authority to do so 2. Article 35, 3, Family Code Art. 35. The following marriages shall be void from the beginning (3) Those solemnized without license, except those covered the preceding Chapter Even if the foreign marriage did not comply with either s 2 and 3 of Article 35, Phi lippine law will recognize the marriage as valid as long as it is valid under foreign law. Art. 16, 1. Real dimension as well as personal property is subject to the law of the country where it is stipulated. Lex situs or lex rei sitae governs real or personal property (property is subject to the laws of the country in which it is dictated). In Tayag vs.Benguet consolidated, the SC said that Philippine law shall govern in cases involving shares of stock of a Philippine corporation even if the owner is in the US. Art. 16, 2. However, intestate and testamentary successions, both with respect to the order of succession and to the amount of successional rights and to the intrinsic validity of testamentary provisions, shall be regulated by the national law of the person whose succession is under consideration, whatever may be the nature of the property and regardless of the country wherein said property may be found. This is merely an extension of the nationality theory in Article 15 . The national law of the decedent regardless of the location of the property shall govern.Thus, the national law of the decedent shall determine who will succeed. In Miciano vs. Brimo, the SC said that the will of a foreigner containing the condition that the law of the Philippines should govern regarding the distribution of the properties is invalid. In Aznar vs. Garcia, what was involved was the renvoi doctrine. In this case, the decedent was a citizen of California who resided in the Philippine. The problem was that under Philippine law, the national law of the decedent shall govern. On the other hand, under California law, the law of the state where the decedent has his domicile shall govern. The SC certain the referral by California law and applied Philippine law (single renvoi). Problem What if the decedent is a Filipino domiciled in a foreign country which follows the domiciliary theory? According to Professor Balane, one way to resolve the situation is this Philippine law should govern with respect to properties in Philippine while the law of the domicile should govern with respect to properties located in the state of domicile. Art. 17. The forms and solemnities of contracts, wills, and other public instruments shall be governed by the laws of the country in which they are executed. When the acts referred to are executed before the diplomatic or consular officials of the Republic of the Philippines in a foreign country, the solemnities established by Philippine laws shall be observed in their execution.Prohibitive laws concerning persons, their acts or property, and those which have for their object public order, public policy and good customs shall not be rendered ineffective by laws or judgments promulgated, or by determinations or conventions agreed upon in a foreign country. Lex loci celebrationis (formal requirements of contracts, wills, and other public instruments are governed by the country in which they are executed) There is no empl oyment between the 1st of Article 16 and the 1st of Article 17 since they talk of 2 different things. Thus, the formal requirements of a contract involving real property in the Philippines must follow the formal requirements of the place where the contract was entered into. However, if what is involved is not the formal requirements, then the law of the place where the properties (whether real or personal) are located shall govern. Art. 18.In matters which are governed by the Code of Commerce and special laws, their deficiency shall be supplied by the provisions of this Code. III. Human Relations Art. 19. Every person must, in the utilization of his rights and in the performance of his duties, act with justice, give everyone his due, and observe honesty and good faith. Art. 20. Every person who, contrary to law, willfully or negligently causes damage to another, shall repair the latter for the same. Art. 21. Any person who willfully causes loss or injury to another in manner that is contrary to morals, good customs or public policy shall compensate the latter for the damage. Art. 22.Every person who through an act of performance by another, or any other means, acquires or comes into possession of something at the put down of the latter without just or legal ground, shall return the same to him. Art. 23. Even when an act or event causing damage to anothers property was not due to the fault or negligence of the defendant, the latter shall be liable for indemnity if through the act or event he was benefited. Art. 24. In all contractual, property or other relations, when one of the parties is at a disadvantage on account of his moral dependence, ignorance, indigence, mental weakness, tender age or other handicap, the courts must be vigilant for his protection. Art. 25.Thoughtless extravagance in expenses for pleasure or display during a period of acute public want or emergency may be stopped by order of the courts at the instance of any government or private ch aritable institution. Art. 26. Every person shall respect the dignity, personality, privacy and pause of mind of his neighbors and other persons. The following and similar acts, though they may not constitute a criminal offense, shall produce a cause of action for indemnity, prevention and other relief (1) Prying into the privacy of anothers residence (2) Meddling with or disturbing the private deportment or family relations of another (3) Intriguing to cause another to be alienated from his friends (4) Vexing or humiliating another on account of his ghostlike beliefs, lowly station in life history, place of birth, physical defect, or other personal condition. Art. 27.Any person suffering material or moral loss because a public servant or employee refuses or neglects, without just cause, to perform his official duty may file an action for damages and other relief against he latter, without prejudice to any disciplinary administrative action that may be taken. Art. 28. Unfair co mpetition in agricultural, commercial or industrial enterprises or in labor through the use of force, intimidation, deceit, machination or any other unjust, oppressive or highhanded method shall give rise to a right of action by the person who thereby suffers damage. Art. 29. When the accused in a criminal pursuance is acquitted on the ground that his guilt has not been proved beyond reasonable doubt, a civil action for damages for the same act or omission may be instituted. Such action requires only a preponderance of evidence.Upon motion of the defendant, the court may require the plaintiff to file a bond to answer for damages in case the complaint should be found to be malicious. If in a criminal case the judgment of acquittal is based upon reasonable doubt, the court shall so declare. In the absence of any declaration to that effect, it may be inferred from the text of the decision whether or not the acquittal is due to that ground. Art. 30. When a separate civil action is brou ght to demand civil liability arising from a criminal offense, and no criminal proceedings are instituted during the pendency of the civil case, a preponderance of evidence shall likewise be sufficient to prove the act complained of. Art. 31.When the civil action is based on an obligation not arising from the act or omission complained of as a felony, such civil action may proceed independently of the criminal proceedings and regardless of the result of the latter. Art. 32. Any public officer or employee, or any private individual, who at once or indirectly obstructs, defeats, violates or in any manner impedes or impairs any of the following rights and liberties of another person shall be liable to the latter for damages (1) immunity or religion (2) Freedom of speech (3) Freedom to write for the press or to maintain a periodical publication (4) Freedom from impulsive or illegal detention (5) Freedom of suffrage 6) The right against deprivation of property without due process of l aw (7) The right to a just salary when private property is taken for public use (8) The right to the equal protection of the laws (9) The right to be secure in ones person, house, papers, and effects against unreasonable searches and seizures (10) The liberty of abode and of changing the same (11) The privacy of communication and correspondence (12) The right to become a member of associations or societies for purposes not contrary to law (13) The right to take part in a peaceable assembly to petition the Government for redress of grievances (14) The right to be a indigent from involuntary servitude in any form (15) The right of the accused against unreasonable bail 16) The right of the accused to be heard by himself and counsel, to be certain of the nature and cause of the accusation against him, to have a speedy and public trial, to meet the realisees face to face, and to have compulsory process to secure the attendance of witness in his behalf (17) Freedom from being compell ed to be a witness against ones self, or from being forced to confess guilt, or from being bring on by a promise of immunity or reward to make such confession, except when the person confessing becomes a State witness (18) Freedom from excessive fines, or cruel and unusual punishment, unless the same is imposed or inflicted in accordance with a statute which has not been judicially declared unconstitutional and (19) Freedom of access to the courts. In any of the cases referred to in this article, whether or not the defendants act or omission constitutes a criminal offense, the aggrieved party has a right to commence an entirely separate and distinct civil action for damages, and for other relief.Such civil action shall proceed independently of any criminal prosecution (if the latter be instituted), and mat be proved by a preponderance of evidence. The indemnity shall include moral damages. Exemplary damages may also be adjudicated. The responsibility herein set forth is not demanda ble from a judge unless his act or omission constitutes a violation of the Penal Code or other penal statute. Art. 33. In cases of defamation, fraud, and physical injuries a civil action for damages, entirely separate and distinct from the criminal action, may be brought by the injured party. Such civil action shall proceed independently of the criminal prosecution, and shall require only a preponderance of evidence. Art. 34.When a member of a city or municipal police force refuses or fails to render aid or protection to any person in case of danger to life or property, such peace officer shall be primarily liable for damages, and the city or municipality shall be subsidiarily responsible therefor. The civil action herein recognized shall be independent of any criminal proceedings, and a preponderance of evidence shall suffice to support such action. Art. 35. When a person, claiming to be injured by a criminal offense, charges another with the same, for which no independent civil ac tion is granted in this Code or any special law, but the justice of the peace finds no reasonable grounds to believe that a crime has been committed, or the prosecuting attorney refuses or fails to institute criminal proceedings, the complaint may bring a civil action for damages against the alleged offender.Such civil action may be supported by a preponderance of evidence. Upon the defendants motion, the court may require the plaintiff to file a bond to indemnify the defendant in case the complaint should be found to be malicious. If during the pendency of the civil action, an information should be presented by the prosecuting attorney, the civil action shall be suspended until the termination of the criminal proceedings. Art. 36. Pre-judicial questions, which must be decided before any criminal prosecution may be instituted or may proceed, shall be governed by rules of court which the Supreme Court shall promulgate and which shall not be in conflict with the provisions of this Cod e